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中华胃肠内镜电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (01) : 20 -26. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-7157.2023.01.008

论著

老年患者长期空肠管饲喂养后胆囊胆汁淤积的发生及风险预测研究
张盼盼1, 高明生1, 包楠迪2, 石卉3, 常青3, 宫媛3, 刘文徽3, 李婷婷3,(), 徐世平3,()   
  1. 1. 100853 北京,解放军医学院;100853 北京,解放军总医院第二医学中心消化内科,国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心
    2. 100048 北京,解放军总医院第六医学中心心血管医学部
    3. 100853 北京,解放军总医院第二医学中心消化内科,国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-10 出版日期:2023-02-15
  • 通信作者: 李婷婷, 徐世平
  • 基金资助:
    军队保健科研课题(19BJZ33)

Occurrence and risk prediction of cholestasis in elderly patients after jejunal tube feeding

Panpan Zhang1, Mingsheng Gao1, Nandi Bao2, Hui Shi3, Qing Chang3, Yuan Gong3, Wenhui Liu3, Tingting Li3,(), Shiping Xu3,()   

  1. 1. Chinese PLA Medical School Beijing 100853, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease, Beijing 100853, China
    2. Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
    3. Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease, Beijing 100853, China
  • Received:2023-01-10 Published:2023-02-15
  • Corresponding author: Tingting Li, Shiping Xu
引用本文:

张盼盼, 高明生, 包楠迪, 石卉, 常青, 宫媛, 刘文徽, 李婷婷, 徐世平. 老年患者长期空肠管饲喂养后胆囊胆汁淤积的发生及风险预测研究[J]. 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志, 2023, 10(01): 20-26.

Panpan Zhang, Mingsheng Gao, Nandi Bao, Hui Shi, Qing Chang, Yuan Gong, Wenhui Liu, Tingting Li, Shiping Xu. Occurrence and risk prediction of cholestasis in elderly patients after jejunal tube feeding[J]. Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(Electronic Edition), 2023, 10(01): 20-26.

目的

基于单中心临床数据分析老年患者长期空肠管管饲喂养后胆囊胆汁淤积的发生率、发生时间及形成的危险因素,构建老年患者长期空肠管管饲喂养后胆囊胆汁淤积的风险预测模型。

方法

回顾性收集2019年7月至2022年7月经解放军总医院第二医学中心住院并行空肠营养管置入术后超过2周的65岁以上的84例老年患者的临床资料,依据是否发生胆囊胆汁淤积分为两组,统计患者胆囊胆汁淤积的发生率,并对相关危险因素进行单因素及多因素分析,构建相应的风险预测模型,进一步评估模型的预测性能及临床适用性。

结果

研究共纳入84例患者,胆囊胆汁淤积38例,发生率为45.2%,中位淤胆发生时间为556.5 d。多因素分析结果显示,尿酸、气管插管术、心衰病史、阿尔茨海默病史、糖尿病史是老年患者长期空肠管管饲喂养后胆囊胆汁淤积发生的独立危险因素,基于上述危险因素建立的COX风险预测模型一致性指数为0.78,校准曲线和决策曲线分析法显示该模型具有良好的预测性能和临床适用性。

结论

老年患者长期空肠管管饲喂养容易出现胆囊胆汁淤积,尿酸、气管插管术、心衰病史、阿尔茨海默病史、糖尿病史是老年患者长期空肠管管饲喂养后胆囊胆汁淤积发生的独立危险因素,基于上述危险因素构建的风险预测模型对胆囊胆汁淤积的发生具有良好的预测能力。

Objective

To analyze the incidence, occurrence time and risk factors of cholestasis in the elderly patients after long-term jejunal feeding, and to construct a risk prediction model for cholestasis in the elderly patients after long-term jejunal feeding.

Methods

Clinical data of 84 the elderly patients over 65 years of age who were hospitalized in the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from July 2019 to July 2022 and underwent jejunal nutrition tube insertion more than 2 weeks after surgery were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether cholestasis occurred. The incidence of cholestasis was analyzed. In addition, univariate and multivariate analysis of related risk factors was carried out to construct the corresponding risk prediction model, and the prediction performance and clinical applicability of the model were further evaluated.

Results

A total of 84 patients were included in the study, of which 38 patients developed cholestasis, with an incidence rate of 45.2%. The median time of tube feeding was 556.5 days. Multivariate analysis showed that: Uric acid, endotracheal intubation, history of heart failure, history of Alzheimer′s disease and history of diabetes were independent risk factors for cholestasis in the elderly patients after long-term feeding in jejunal tubes. The concordance index of COX risk prediction model established based on the above risk factors was 0.78. The Calibration curve and decision curve analysis showed that the model had good predictive performance and clinical applicability.

Conclusion

The elderly patients are prone to cholestasis after jejunal tube feeding for a long time. Uric acid, tracheal intubation, history of heart failure, history of Alzheimer′s disease and history of diabetes are independent risk factors for cholestasis after jejunal tube feeding for a long time.

表1 高龄患者淤胆组与非淤胆组基线资料比较情况[例(%)]
项目 淤胆组(n=38) 未淤胆组(n=46) P
年龄(岁) 92.4±5.4 91.5±5.9 0.469
血红蛋白(g/L) 121.0±16.8 120.4±18.0 0.861
白细胞(109/L) 8.9(6.2~11.2) 9.1(7.7~11.0) 0.376
中性粒细胞(%) 0.8(0.7~0.8) 0.8(0.7~0.8) 0.993
C反应蛋白(mg/ml) 1.7(0.3~5.0) 2.1(0.6~5.3) 0.506
总胆固醇(mmol/L) 3.3(2.9~3.3) 3.5(2.8~3.8) 0.907
甘油三脂(mmol/L) 1.1(0.8~1.5) 1.0(0.8~1.4) 0.497
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L) 1.1(0.8~1.3) 1.1(0.9~1.4) 0.456
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L) 2.1(1.6~2.6) 2.1(1.6~2.5) 0.911
血糖(mmol/L) 6.0(5.3~7.5) 6.1(5.1~8.1) 0.716
白蛋白(g/L) 35.7(32.0~38.2) 35.0(31.3~38.1) 0.574
尿素(mmol/L) 8.4(5.5~11.5) 8.3(6.2~11.0) 0.801
肌酐(μmol/L) 83.0(64.0~102.8) 81.0(72.8~118.3) 0.269
尿酸(μmol/L) 308.0±121.9 283.8±133.0 0.391
总胆红素(μmol/L) 8.5(6.2~11.0) 8.5(6.5~13.5) 0.798
直接胆红素(μmol/L) 3.7(3.4~4.8) 4.1(3.1~6.1) 0.605
谷丙转氨酶(U/L) 15.1(9.9~25.3) 12.0(7.9~17.8) 0.194
谷草转氨酶(U/L) 19.1(14.6~26.3) 17.1(13.8~23.3) 0.295
乳酸脱氢酶(U/L) 163.0(138.5~216.5) 184.0(153.3~213.3) 0.345
碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 68.0(49.3~77.3) 65.0(53.0~78.0) 0.794
谷氨酰转移酶(U/L) 30.0(20.0~44.0) 24.0(16.0~39.0) 0.180
淀粉酶(U/L) 51.0(37.0~68.0) 51.0(39.3~76.3) 0.669
脂肪酶(U/L) 29.6(18.2~51.4) 29.3(18.2~49.6) 0.699
脑利钠肽(pg/ml) 756.5(457.2~1164.0) 655.1(248.0~1206.6) 0.419
随访时间(d) 556.5(257.8~1064.5) 567.5(176.5~1118.0) 0.903
气管插管术 5(13.2) 7(15.2) 0.789
肺部感染 33(86.8) 37(80.4) 0.433
高血压病史 27(75.0) 32(69.6) 0.587
心衰病史 6(15.8) 4(8.7) 0.318
心梗病史 8(21.1) 6(13.0) 0.327
冠心病史 27(75.0) 25(54.3) 0.054
脑血管疾病 19(50.0) 22(50.4) 0.691
阿尔茨海默病史 13(34.2) 21(45.7) 0.288
糖尿病史 22(57.9) 15(37.6) 0.020a
脂肪肝 16(42.1) 16(34.8) 0.492
肾功能不全 7(18.4) 11(23.9) 0.541
高脂血症 8(21.1) 9(19.6) 0.866
表2 胆囊胆汁淤积形成的单因素COX风险预测模型分析
指标 HR 95%CI P
年龄(岁) 1.068 1.003~1.137 0.041ab
血红蛋白(g/L) 1.002 0.985~1.020 0.821
白细胞(109/L) 0.947 0.858~1.046 0.283
中性粒细胞(%) 0.539 0.045~6.389 0.624
C反应蛋白(mg/ml) 0.948 0.867~1.037 0.243
总胆固醇(mmol/L) 0.889 0.633~1.248 0.495
甘油三脂(mmol/L) 1.919 1.283~2.870 0.001ab
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L) 0.342 0.130~0.905 0.031ab
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L) 0.959 0.683~1.347 0.810
血糖(mmol/L) 0.976 0.848~1.124 0.740
白蛋白(g/L) 0.984 0.942~1.027 0.458
尿素(mmol/L) 1.066 1.011~1.123 0.017ab
肌酐(μmol/L) 1.009 1.001~1.018 0.033ab
尿酸(μmol/L) 1.005 1.003~1.008 0.000ab
总胆红素(μmol/L) 0.971 0.899~1.049 0.453
直接胆红素(μmol/L) 1.050 0.912~1.209 0.499
谷丙转氨酶(U/L) 0.998 0.986~1.011 0.811
谷草转氨酶(U/L) 1.008 0.990~1.026 0.393
乳酸脱氢酶(U/L) 1.000 0.995~1.005 0.961
碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 0.995 0.984~1.007 0.415
谷氨酰转移酶(U/L) 0.993 0.978~1.009 0.408
淀粉酶(U/L) 1.003 0.994~1.013 0.472
脂肪酶(U/L) 1.002 0.997~1.007 0.475
脑利钠肽(pg/ml) 1.000 1.000~1.000 0.009ab
气管插管术 0.378 0.128~1.117 0.078a
肺部感染 1.204 0.468~3.095 0.700
高血压病史 1.749 0.841~3.637 0.135
心衰病史 4.694 1.820~12.106 0.001ab
心梗病史 2.233 1.012~4.925 0.047ab
冠心病病史 1.845 0.910~3.743 0.090a
脑血管疾病 0.997 0.522~1.902 0.992
阿尔茨海默病史 0.561 0.284~1.107 0.096a
糖尿病病史 1.767 0.920~3.396 0.088a
脂肪肝 0.676 0.341~1.340 0.262
肾功能不全 1.292 0.562~2.971 0.546
高脂血症 0.950 0.433~2.084 0.898
表3 胆囊胆汁淤积形成的多因素COX风险预测模型分析
图1 胆囊胆汁淤积形成的风险预测模型
图2 列线图1、3、5年校准曲线 注:A:第1年校准曲线;B:第3年校准曲线;C:第5年校准曲线
图3 列线图1、3、5年决策曲线分析图 注:A:第1年决策曲线分析图;B:第3年决策曲线分析图;C:第5年决策曲线分析图
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