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中华胃肠内镜电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (04) : 225 -232. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-7157.2024.04.002

论著

改良的内镜下静脉曲张套扎术治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张的疗效研究
马梓粼1,2, 张帅1,3, 何占娣4, 王娟1, 孙国辉1, 黄昂1, 杨竞1, 钟立森1, 张晓彬1, 刘迎娣1,(), 令狐恩强1,()   
  1. 1.100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心消化内科医学部
    2.100853 北京,解放军总医院解放军医学院
    3.100101 北京,解放军总医院第九医学中心消化内科
    4.100043 北京,石景山医院消化内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2024-11-15
  • 通信作者: 刘迎娣, 令狐恩强
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2503600)

Efficacy study of modified endoscopic variceal ligation for the treatment of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patient

Zilin Ma1,2, Shuai Zhang1,3, Zhandi He4, Juan Wang1, Guohui Sun1, Ang Huang1, Jing Yang1, Lisen Zhong1, Xiaobin Zhang1, Yingdi Liu1,(), Enqiang Linghu1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Gastroenterology The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853 China
    2.Chinese PLA Medical School Beijing 100853 China
    3.Department of Gastroenterology The Ninth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100101 China
    4.Department of Gastroenterology, Shijingshan Hospital Beijing 100043 China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Published:2024-11-15
  • Corresponding author: Yingdi Liu, Enqiang Linghu
引用本文:

马梓粼, 张帅, 何占娣, 王娟, 孙国辉, 黄昂, 杨竞, 钟立森, 张晓彬, 刘迎娣, 令狐恩强. 改良的内镜下静脉曲张套扎术治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张的疗效研究[J]. 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志, 2024, 11(04): 225-232.

Zilin Ma, Shuai Zhang, Zhandi He, Juan Wang, Guohui Sun, Ang Huang, Jing Yang, Lisen Zhong, Xiaobin Zhang, Yingdi Liu, Enqiang Linghu. Efficacy study of modified endoscopic variceal ligation for the treatment of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patient[J]. Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(Electronic Edition), 2024, 11(04): 225-232.

目的

比较基于高危出血部位改良的内镜下静脉曲张套扎(MEVL)与常规内镜下静脉曲张套扎(EVL)在肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者中的疗效。

方法

前瞻性收集2022 年3 月至2023 年3 月在解放军总医院第一医学中心消化内科医学部诊断为肝硬化食管静脉曲张并拟行首次EVL 的69例患者,纳入基于高危出血部位改良的中下段套扎组。 回顾性收集2018 年2 月至2022 年2 月在同中心诊断为肝硬化食管静脉曲张并已行首次EVL 的271例患者,纳入采用常规的下段套扎组。 倾向性评分匹配后对比两组患者EVL 术中术后治疗效果、不良事件等结果。 继续对患者进行12 个月的随访,最终采用意向性治疗(ITT)分析和Kaplan-Meier 的方法与符合方案集(PP)分析聚焦患者的生存问题进行分析。

结果

经倾向性评分匹配后两组基线数据具有可比性。 中下段套扎组术中脱落环数多于下段套扎组,术后胸痛VAS 评分更高,两者均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。 ITT 分析中随访6 个月时,中下段套扎组食管静脉曲张无复发生存率大于下段套扎组,存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。PP 分析中,中下段套扎组在随访6 个月时食管静脉曲张复发率、12 个月时食管静脉曲张出血率均低于下段套扎组,平均复发时间更长,且均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。

结论

在肝硬化食管静脉曲张中,基于高危出血部位改良的内镜下静脉曲张套扎治疗是安全、有效的,且较常规套扎方法能够延长复发时间,降低术后6 个月的复发率和12 个月的出血率。

Objective

To compare the therapeutic efficacy of modified endoscopic variceal ligation targetinghigh-risk bleeding sites with conventional ligation methods in patients with cirrhosis-related esophageal varices.

Methods

Prospectively collected 69 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis-related esophageal varices and scheduled for their first EVL from March 2022 to March 2023 at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital were included in the modified lower-middle segment ligation group.Retrospectively collected 271 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis-related esophageal varices and who had undergone their first EVL from February 2018 to February 2022 at the same center were included in the conventional lower segment ligation group. After propensity score matching, the therapeutic effects, adverse events, and other indicators during and after EVL were compared between the two groups. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and the intention-to-treat analysis and Kaplan-Meier method were used to focus on patient survival issues, along with the per-protocol analysis.

Results

After propensity score matching,the baseline data of the two groups were comparable. The number of detached rings during the procedure and the postoperative chest pain VAS scores in the lower-middle segment ligation group were higher than those in the lower segment ligation group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). In the intention-totreat (ITT) analysis at the 6-month follow-up, the recurrence-free survival rate of esophageal varices in the lower-middle segment ligation group was greater than that in the lower segment ligation group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). In the per-protocol (PP) analysis, the esophageal varices recurrence rate at 6 months and the bleeding rate at 12 months in the lower-middle segment ligation group were both lower than those in the lower segment ligation group, with a longer average time to recurrence, and all with statistically significant differences (P <0. 05).

Conclusion

In patients with cirrhosis-related esophageal varices, the modified endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) targeting high-risk bleeding sites is safe and effective. It extends the time to recurrence and reduces the recurrence rate at 6 months and the bleeding rate at 12 months compared to the conventional ligation method.

图1 内镜下不同位置套扎治疗食管静脉曲张示意图 注:A:中下段套扎组:套扎环间隔>3 cm,套扎至距门齿30 cm 以上,30 cm 处套扎1 环;B:下段套扎组:套扎环间隔2~3 cm,套扎至距门齿32 cm 以下
表1 匹配前后两组患者的基线特征
临床特征 匹配前(n=340) P 匹配后(n=130) P
中下段套扎组(n=69) 下段套扎组(n=271) 中下段套扎组(n=65) 下段套扎组(n=65)
年龄[M(QR),岁] 55(50,63) 56(49,65) 0.566 55(50,63) 56(49,65) 0.567
性别[n(%)] 0.621 0.857
44(63.8) 164(60.5) 41(63.1) 39(60.0)
25(36.2) 107(39.5) 24(36.9) 26(40.0)
肝硬化病因[n(%)] 0.238 0.265
病毒性 37(53.6) 114(42.1) 34(52.3) 35(53.8)
酒精性 16(23.2) 73(26.9) 16(24.6) 11(16.9)
自身免疫性 7(10.1) 50(18.4) 7(10.8) 14(21.5)
其他 9(13.0) 34(12.6) 8(12.3) 5(7.7)
Child-Pugh分级[n(%)] 0.473 0.858
A 41(59.4) 148(54.6) 38(58.5) 40(61.5)
B 28(40.6) 123(45.4) 27(41.5) 25(38.5)
治疗目的[n(%)] 0.734 0.469
一级预防 30(43.5) 124(45.8) 27(41.5) 22(33.8)
二级预防 39(56.5) 147(54.2) 38(58.5) 43(66.2)
食管静脉曲张特征
静脉曲张数目[n(%)] 0.649 0.974
2 1(1.5) 8(3.0) 1(1.5) 1(1.5)
3 18(26.1) 62(22.9) 15(23.1) 14(21.5)
4 46(66.7) 175(64.6) 45(69.2) 47(72.3)
5 4(5.8) 26(9.6) 4(6.2) 3(4.6)
最近端距门齿距离[中位数(四分位数间距),cm] 25(20,25) 25(20,25) 0.885 25(20,25) 25(20,25) 0.886
最大直径[n(%)] 0.113 0.898
0.5~0.8cm 11(15.9) 60(22.1) 11(16.9) 13(20.0)
0.9~1.2cm 45(65.2) 183(67.5) 42(64.6) 40(61.5)
≥1.3cm 13(18.8) 28(10.3) 12(18.5) 12(18.5)
30cm以上直径>0.5cm 0
静脉曲张数目[n(%)] 0.069 0.223
1 6(8.7) 6(2.2) 6(9.2) 1(1.5)
2 15(21.7) 72(26.6) 11(16.9) 11(16.9)
3 34(49.3) 139(51.3) 34(52.3) 41(63.1)
4 14(20.3) 54(19.9) 14(21.5) 12(18.5)
套扎环总数[n(%)] <0.001 0.584
6~9 15(20.3) 126(45.5) 14(21.5) 13(20.0)
10~12 41(78.3) 143(52.8) 50(76.9) 52(80.0)
≥13 1(1.5) 2(0.7) 1(1.5) 0(0.0)
合并胃静脉曲张[n(%)] 68(98.6) 266(98.2) 1.000 64(98.5) 64(98.5) 1.000
表2 两组治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张的相关情况[例(%)]
图2 不同位置套扎治疗食管静脉曲张内镜图 注:A:中下段套扎组; B:下段套扎组
表3 两组治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张的不良事件[例(%)]
图3 中下段套扎组与下段套扎组治疗食管静脉曲张随访的Kaplan-Meier 曲线 注:A:为随访6 个月的Kaplan-Meier 曲线;B:为随访12 个月的Kaplan-Meier 曲线
表4 两组治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张的临床结局[例(%)]
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