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中华胃肠内镜电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (03) : 197 -202. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-7157.2025.03.006

论著

胃癌超级微创全层切除手术标本的规范化处理与病理诊断研究
王琼1, 孙雨桐2,3, 陈薇1, 马亚琪1, 焦炳乾1, 董玉1, 邵群3, 陈倩倩3,(), 令狐恩强3,()   
  1. 1100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心病理科
    2100853 北京,解放军医学院
    3100853 北京,解放军总医院第一医学中心消化内科医学部
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-08 出版日期:2025-08-15
  • 通信作者: 陈倩倩, 令狐恩强
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2503600)

Standardized processing and reporting of super minimally invasive full-thickness resection specimens for gastric cancer

Qiong Wang1, Yutong Sun2,3, Wei Chen1, Yaqi Ma1, Bingqian Jiao1, Yu Dong1, Qun Shao3, Qianqian Chen3,(), Enqiang Linghu3,()   

  1. 1Department of Pathology, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
    2Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
    3Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • Received:2025-02-08 Published:2025-08-15
  • Corresponding author: Qianqian Chen, Enqiang Linghu
引用本文:

王琼, 孙雨桐, 陈薇, 马亚琪, 焦炳乾, 董玉, 邵群, 陈倩倩, 令狐恩强. 胃癌超级微创全层切除手术标本的规范化处理与病理诊断研究[J/OL]. 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志, 2025, 12(03): 197-202.

Qiong Wang, Yutong Sun, Wei Chen, Yaqi Ma, Bingqian Jiao, Yu Dong, Qun Shao, Qianqian Chen, Enqiang Linghu. Standardized processing and reporting of super minimally invasive full-thickness resection specimens for gastric cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(Electronic Edition), 2025, 12(03): 197-202.

目的

超级微创全层切除手术(SMIS-EFTR)作为早期胃癌治疗的创新术式,其标本处理与病理评估具有独特性。本文旨在探讨SMIS-EFTR术后胃癌标本的规范化处理与全层病理诊断要点,以提高病理诊断的准确性。

方法

本研究回顾性分析2022年2月至2024年11月解放军总医院第一医学中心消化内科医学部8例胃全层切除的病例,重点优化标本处理中"全层-非全层"混合区域的规范化操作,明确浆膜面评估指标。

结果

8例手术标本均完整呈现"内圈全层切除+外圈非全层剥离"的混合结构,标本平均长径为(4.76±1.30)cm、肿瘤平均长径为(1.46±0.96)cm、全层区域平均厚度(0.24±0.12)cm、与非全层切缘平均距离(1.5±0.8)cm。所有标本均有癌变,2例肿瘤浸润深度均未超过黏膜下层(SM1)、1例肿瘤浸润深度达到SM3;均达到了完全切除(R0切除)。

结论

针对SMIS-EFTR的"混合切除"特性,建立专属的标本处理规范及双层面(黏膜层+浆膜层)评估体系,为精准病理诊断提供关键技术支撑。

Objective

Super-Microscopic Full-Thickness Resection (SMIS-EFTR), an innovative surgical modality for early gastric cancer, is characterized by unique demands in specimen handling and pathological assessment. This study aims to establish standardized protocols for processing gastric cancer specimens following SMIS-EFTR and to define key elements of full-layer pathological diagnosis, with the goal of enhancing the precision of pathological evaluation.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 8 cases of total gastrectomy conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, between February 2022 and November 2024.The primary objective was to optimize standardized protocols for managing "full-thickness-non-full-thickness" mixed resection margins during specimen processing, while also establishing specific evaluation metrics for the serosal surface.

Results

All 8 surgical specimens demonstrated a well-preserved "inner full-thickness resection+ outer non-full-thickness dissection" mixed resection configuration.The mean longitudinal diameter of the specimens was (4.76±1.30) cm, while the tumors measured a mean longitudinal diameter of (1.46±0.96) cm.The average thickness of the full-thickness regions was (0.24±0.12) cm, and the mean distance from the non-full-thickness resection margin was(1.5±0.8)cm.Malignant involvement was observed in all specimens: 2 cases exhibited tumor invasion limited to the submucosa (SM1), 1 case reached SM3, and all achieved R0 resection (complete microscopic resection).

Conclusion

To address the "mixed resection" characteristic intrinsic to SMIS-EFTR, we developed specialized specimen processing protocols and a dual-layer (mucosal and serosal layers) evaluation system, thereby establishing a critical technical framework for precise pathological diagnosis.

图1 内镜治疗流程图注:A:病变区域的内外两圈标记;B:黏膜下注射与环周切开;C:外圈采用黏膜下剥离;D:内圈实施全层切除;E:补充肌层对肌层的组织夹;F:用生物蛋白胶进一步封闭创面;G-H:标本结构特性:外侧非全层区域和内侧全层区域
图2 组织标本处理流程注:A:标本1黏膜层面的伸展固定,红色圈内为全层切除部分;B:暴露全层切除的标本1浆膜层面;C:以2 mm间隔全部取材;D:标本2浆膜层面的伸展固定;E、F:以2 mm间隔全部取材并测量;G、H:2 mm取材置于脱水盒;I:每个蜡块4 μm切片;J:蜡块上切片放入展片机后,捞片于切片上;K:每个蜡块均切捞片后、拷片,与蜡块一一对应;L:切片经HE染色后成片
图3 SM3病例全层病理切片图注:A:SM3病例局部放大全层图(12×);B:黏膜层(400×);C:黏膜下(400×);D:肌层(400×);E:浆膜层(400×)
表1 胃癌全层切除手术标本的病理资料
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