Gastritis cystica profunda(GCP), also known as gastritis cystica polypsa in the past, is a rare gastric submucosal lesion. It is caused by the destruction of gastric mucosa caused by various reasons. The glands of gastric mucosa grow below the muscularis mucosa and form cystic dilatation. In the past, the disease was considered as a benign disease, but now more and more studies reveal that the GCP is a precancerous disease with the potential of malignant progress. In recent years, with the rapid development of endoscopy technology and the continuous improvement of pathological diagnosis, great progress has been made in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of GCP. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, nature, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cystic gastritis, so as to provide a reference for clinical rational diagnosis and treatment of the disease.