本研究旨在评估一种基于内镜的聚多巴胺功能化纤维素基冷冻凝胶止血微球在大动物出血模型中的止血性能，为未来通过便携式内镜解决躯干内不可压迫性出血提供了一种新型止血方案。

本研究自2024年9月1日至11月30日选取6只健康雌性巴马猪，体重30~35 kg，月龄13~15个月，随机分为实验组3例(使用止血微球)和对照组3例(不处理)。构建3 cm×1.5 cm×1 cm的损伤出血模型，模拟临床较大出血场景。实验组在出血后使用止血微球填充创面，记录止血时间、出血量及材料用量，对照组不干预。术后监测48 h存活情况、再出血率，检测凝血功能(PT、APTT、TT、FIB)、肝功能(ALT、AST等)及血细胞指标变化，并通过HE染色评估组织反应。

实验组仅需(5.26±0.95) g止血微球，在(315.67±57.24) s内完成止血，失血量为(35.95±6.53) g，显著低于对照组失血量>(361.43±42.41) g，P<0.001。对照组900 s内未止血，且血压持续下降至休克；实验组血压短暂升高后维持正常，48 h无再出血，3只巴马猪均存活。

聚多巴胺功能化纤维素基冷冻凝胶微球具有快速止血、黏附性强、用量少的优势，未来在便携式内镜下用于控制躯干内不可压迫性出血安全可行。其均匀粒径和可喷洒特性适配内镜操作，有望弥补传统止血技术不足。未来需扩大样本量、延长观察周期并验证多模型适用性，以推动临床转化。

This study aims to evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of an endoscopy-compatible polydopamine-functionalized cellulose-based cryogel hemostatic microsphere in large animal hemorrhage models, proposing a novel hemostatic strategy for managing non-compressible torso hemorrhage(NCTH) via portable endoscopic intervention.

This study selected six healthy female Bama miniature pigs (weight: 30-35 kg, age: 13-15 months) from September 1 to November 30, 2024.The pigs were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=3, treated with hemostatic microspheres) and a control group (n=3, no intervention). A standardized liver injury model (3 cm×1.5 cm ×1 cm) was created to simulate a clinically significant bleeding scenario.The experimental group received microsphere application to the wound post-hemorrhage, with recording of hemostasis time, blood loss, and material usage, while the control group received no treatment. Postoperative monitoring included 48-hour survival rates, rebleeding incidence, coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, TT, FIB), liver function markers (ALT, AST), hematologic indices, and histologic evaluation via HE staining.

The experimental group achieved hemostasis within 315.67±57.24 seconds using only 5.26 ±0.95 g of microspheres, with blood loss of 35.95±6.53 g significantly lower than the control group (>361.43± 42.41 g, P<0.001). The control group failed to achieve hemostasis within 900 seconds, progressing to shock with sustained blood pressure decline.In contrast, the experimental group exhibited transient blood pressure elevation followed by stabilization, no rebleeding within 48 hours, and 100% survival (n=3).

Polydopamine- functionalized cellulose-based cryogel microspheres offer advantages of rapid hemostasis, strong tissue adhesion, and low dosage requirement, demonstrating feasibility for future application in portable endoscopy to control non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH). Their uniform particle size and sprayable properties make them compatible with endoscopic procedures, showing potential to address the limitations of conventional hemostatic techniques.Future studies should expand sample sizes, extend observation periods, and validate applicability across multiple models to facilitate clinical translation.